Wart

A wart is a benign neoplasm of the skin that occurs due to the proliferation of epidermal cells and the papillary layer of the dermis caused by the human papillomavirus transmitted by the contact path.

Wart: causes of appearance, types, diagnosis and treatment

Wart - localized mainly benign education due to hyperplasia of the epidermis.Papillomatous growths and papules most often appear due to the activity of viral infections.The main reason for their occurrence is the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the body.Infection of HPV occurs in a contact and way, as a result of which the viral flora penetrates through the skin or mucous membranes.The risk of infection increases various damage on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as weakened immunity.

As statistics show, more than 60% of the population are carriers of HPV.At the same time, Symptomatically HPV may not manifest itself even throughout life.Warts, many of which are called papillomas, occur on the skin and mucous membranes only if there are favorable factors for this.One of them is the weakening of the immune system caused by various diseases, hormonal malfunctions, conducting an unhealthy lifestyle, etc.

There are various types of warts, the appearance of which is caused by one or another type of virus.Each type of skin formations can be localized either on the skin or on the mucous membranes.It is not always possible to eliminate the virus from the body.However, when infected with some of its varieties, self -healing may be noted.Today, if the patient has warts, treatment, as a rule, consists in taking antiviral drugs and removing neoplasms.There are various methods of removing warts selected individual for each patient.

Warts in adults

Men and women are equally susceptible to infection with the human papillomavirus and, accordingly, the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of neoplasms such as warts.The penetration of the virus into the body is possible, both with ordinary handshake or the use of general hygiene, and in sexual contact.Once in the human body, the virus penetrates the squamous skin epithelium and actively multiplies in it.The incubation period for HPV can be from one or more months to six months or more.

It is almost impossible to protect your body from infection with the virus and the appearance of warts on the legs, arms, face and other parts of the body.Among the basic recommendations for the prevention of warts note the exclusion of contacts with the skin of people who have such neoplasms, compliance with personal hygiene rules, as well as an increase in the level of immune defense.

Warts in women

Women warts can appear on any part of the body in any period of life.In shape, color and size, they can be different, starting from small flat warts on the white face, ending with dark pointed condylomas on the mucous membranes of the genitals.It is worth noting that it is the pointed condylomas, according to the results of research, that can cause the development of cervical cancer.The relationship of warts that acts as an external manifestation of HPV also received official confirmation with an increased risk of breast cancer.

The type of warts appearing in the fairer sex depends on the variety of the virus that impressed the female body.Warts on the face and other parts of the body can arise, both separately and in whole groups.It all depends on the general condition of the body.

Women warts in women appear much more often than in men.This is primarily due to anatomical features.Thus, various papillomas and warts in women can be localized on the mucosa at the entrance to the vagina or on its walls, in the anus or urethra.

The reason for the active formation of warts on the fingers of the legs and arms, face, neck and other parts of the body in women can be a sharp weakening of immunity in various diseases or hormonal failure, observed, for example, during pregnancy.If such neoplasms are found on the body or genitals, only a doctor should determine the treatment tactics.Today you can remove warts with a laser, electric shock, liquid nitrogen and some other methods selected on the basis of the individual characteristics of the patient.

Warts in men

The body of representatives of the stronger sex is less susceptible to infection and active propagation of the virus as a whole and the appearance of papillomas and warts in particular.Only a sharp decrease in immunity caused by various diseases can provoke the occurrence of benign formations on the skin and mucous membranes in men.It is worth noting that papillomas and warts on the genitals in men can be localized in the area of the coronary furrows and bridle, sometimes the head or body of the penis, on the cover at the entrance to the urethra and directly on its mucous membranes, in the perianal region.

There are types of HPV, which, present in the body, significantly increase the risk of cancer.The most significant in this regard, HPV 16 and 18 are considered today. But it is noteworthy that in men they are extremely rare.This is due to the fact that on the genitals of the stronger sex there is no environment suitable for a long stay of the virus.

Warts in children

People of any age are subject to the appearance of warts.But most often there are warts in children and adolescents.The reason for this can be various papillomatous viruses.Infection of the child's body usually occurs in a contact-household way.Children are much more likely to communicate closely with other babies in large groups and easily “catch” various viruses from each other.In addition, a child can become infected with a papillomatic virus from the mother in the process of intrauterine development or childbirth.

Warts on the hands and other parts of the body in children appear quite often due to the fact that the child's body is more susceptible to various infections and in most cases reacts to them with a sharp decrease in immunity.Most often, children have ordinary, flat and plantar warts on the fingers, legs and brushes.Flat youthful warts, as a rule, pass on their own as they grow up by the child to reach the age of 14-16 years.Sifty and ordinary warts in children often appear due to injuries.Stop warts can form when wearing uncomfortable shoes that cause irritation and damage to the skin.

Warts: causes of appearance

Many factors can contribute to the appearance of warts.The transfer of a papillomatous virus, as mentioned earlier, occurs in close contact with an infected person or his things.Moreover, the carrier of the virus that does not have any external manifestations can also act as a source of infection.Autoinoculation or in other words, self -extension is also not excluded.So, warts on the face and neck can appear after shaving and cosmetic peeling.The same applies to papillomas and warts on the legs, chin and in the armpits.Various damage to the skin only increase the risk of infecting HPV.Often this happens in pools, gyms and saunas.

The formation of warts is due to uncontrolled division of cells of the surface layers of the skin.They, as a rule, do not disappear independently, therefore they require removal most often in combination with the use of antiviral drugs and the general strengthening of the body.

Provoking factors

It is small in the likelihood that the virus that causes the formation of warts will penetrate the body of a healthy person with strong immunity.The risk of infection can increase:

• Damage on the skin and mucous membranes.If there is contact with the cover of an infected person or an object, on the surface of which there is a virus, most likely, will end with infection.HPV can stay in the environment for about 2-3 hours.For this period of time, the probability that someone is infected by them is quite high.Injuries (wounds, cuts, scratches), sweating and, accordingly, the constant moisture of the skin only increase it.That is why the appearance of warts on the fingers of the hands and palms is most often observed.In the process of cleaning, working with food and solving any household problems to get minor injuries on the skin easier.Even in winter, weathered and dry skin on which microcracks form becomes ideal “gates” for the penetration of the virus into the body.
• High humidity and heat.Such a provoking factor is most relevant for the appearance of warts on the legs.Parling uncomfortable shoes, contributing to excessive sweating of the legs, the formation of corns and damage on the skin, can cause epithelial formations such as legs warts.
• Weakening of the immune system.Even with the presence of a virus in the body, the appearance of warts is not always observed.A person can be a bearer of the virus for decades and not suspect it.With strong immunity, the body constantly suppresses the virus, preventing it from breed.As soon as the immune system weakens, the virus is immediately activated, which is accompanied by the occurrence of external manifestations.Even after the removal of warts with a laser or in any other methods without strengthening immunity, they almost with one hundred percent probability will appear again.The reasons for the weakening of the immune system can become inferior nutrition, abuse of bad habits, constant stress, lack of sleep, etc.

Diagnosis of papillomavirus infection

An infectious disease, which is characterized by the appearance of warts, is most often diagnosed with a whole range of methods.The characteristic papules and the growths of the papillomatous type can be different, appear at any age on the skin or mucous membranes, accompany other symptoms of the disease or not at all disturb the patient.That is why the warts on the hands or other parts of the body are correctly diagnosed only as prescribed by the attending physician.An independent examination can not only be useless, but also harm.The appearance of warts is due to the human papillomatic virus.In addition, to date, more than 65 types of this pathogen are known, which provokes the appearance of papules and pappylolomous growths on the skin and mucous membranes.In 95% of cases, the doctor can make the diagnosis, taking into account the results of the physical examination and data of the patient’s anamnesis (provided that the wart is visible to the naked eye).The clinical manifestations of the wart depend primarily on the place where it has formed.Each type of epithelial tumor described above has its own individual characteristics.

• For a conventional wart, pronounced hyperkeratosis is characteristic (high speed of cellular division of the stratum corneum and descending).It can have the form of a nodule or dome -shaped papule.Such warts appear mainly in those places where the risk of tissue injury is increased, that is, on the skin of the arms, legs, elbows, etc.
• Flat warts have a flattened vertex, they are small in their volumes and in diameter do not exceed the indicator of 3-4 mm.If the wart is visualized in the area of skin folds, then its primary diagnosis can be difficult, because such papules or growths can manifest themselves as flat or ordinary warts.
• Warts on the soles of the feet can be accompanied by a pain symptom, because these parts of the body are constantly subject to trauma.The center of such an epithelial tumor can be slightly pressed.There are also frequent cases when several warts on the sole merged into a single design, forming a specific pattern in the form of a mosaic.
• As for the threaded warts, such a problem may appear on the skin of the face.They grow rapidly, because if they are detected, they try to remove them as a cosmetic defect.
• Warts can also be diagnosed in the oral cavity, there the formations are most often represented by whitish or pink nodules of small size.Such a problem is found in extremely rare cases, as a rule, at the reception of a dentist or during a planned examination of the body.

To distinguish a wart, for example, from corns, flat lichen, contagious mollusk or keratosis (seborrheic type), the doctor will take into account the fact that such epithelial formations have their own capillary network.Thus, with mechanical damage to the wart (if you remove a small amount of keratinized peeling layer), it begins to bleed.During the diagnosis, the dermatologist will try to exclude syphilitic condylomas.Most often, in order to diagnose a wart, a specialist is enough visual inspection, but in 30-40% of all cases, histological studies are needed.Additional tests are also prescribed if therapy is ineffective.In the event that the wart is located on the cervix, colposcopy is carried out.The infection can be detected thanks to a special method of studying scrapings and smears from the vagina.If atypical lesions or persistent pathologies are traced, then the attending physician will most likely prescribe a biopsy with subsequent histological analysis.During the diagnosis of the patient’s condition, the doctor will take into account his age, the presence of chronic diseases and even concomitant symptoms.

Warts: treatment

Epithelial tumors in the form of warts are treated only under the strict control of the attending physician.Therapy cannot be general, because each individual case of the appearance and development of the disease is individual.That is why it is inappropriate to use dubious medicines on the advice of friends, advertising or pharmacist in a pharmacy.

To date, there is no specific therapy aimed at the human papillomavirus.It is because of this that the treatment of warts is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of viral lesion.

There are certain criteria that can serve as the basis for the treatment of warts:

• The lesion area on the skin or mucous membranes has large sizes.
• The patient is worried about severe itching, pain, burning, wart bleeding.
• The patient wants to remove the wart (treatment at the request of the patient).
• The wart brings cosmetic discomfort.
• Immunodeficiency in the patient.

If the patient is diagnosed with condyloma, then this type of education necessarily needs well -chosen therapy, because there is a risk of malignant degeneration.

Several methods of treating warts are known, each of which has its own characteristics.The effectiveness of all therapeutic methods is approximately 70%.

In 2019, the results of the work of scientists from the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute were published.The purpose of the study was to study the clinical effectiveness of various methods of treating warts in children.As a result, it was possible to establish that the greatest clinical efficiency in the treatment of vulgar warts in children showed the use of a destructive method using carbon dioxide.

Warts remedy: external therapy

The treatment of warts is primarily aimed at removing them.It can be carried out thanks to physical intervention or drugs.

External warts are treated comprehensively.The doctor may prescribe cauterizing drugs and keratolytic agents.It can be a 10 % solution of silver nitrate, a 50 % solution of lactic acid, etc.

The doctor may recommend funds from warts in the form of antiviral medicines.

Cytotoxic drugs are also relevant.Assigned in the treatment of warts and all kinds of plasters with salicylic acid (40%).

Physical destruction of warts can be performed due to liquid nitrogen and electrocoagulation.Chemical destruction of tissues can be carried out using salicylic acid, sodium solution, etc.

Immunotherapy is also used.After removing the wart, the doctor may prescribe anti -inflammatory drugs.

Removing warts at home is prohibited

Traditional medicine, according to the majority, can safely treat many diseases.But such an opinion is erroneous, because decoctions, infusions and all kinds of compresses from essential oils and herbs can only play an auxiliary role and in any case should not be used as the main type of therapy.It is also important to know that not a single prescription of traditional medicine should be used without a doctor’s prescription.Such dubious therapy can aggravate the course of the disease and provoke even the development of new pathologies.

In combination with a drug effect, a attending specialist can prescribe recipes for alternative medicine with celandine, fruits of mountain ash, wormwood, onions, linen oil, milking, etc.

Removing warts at home is not carried out.Education cannot be cut with sharp objects, pierced and cauterized.Only a competent doctor, after diagnosing the patient's condition, can prescribe adequate and safe therapy.Be careful and do not engage in rash self -medication.

Laser wart removal and other methods

Modern medicine uses several surgical methods aimed at removing warts.

• Electrocoagulation is one of the most proven methods suitable for removing different warts.Manipulation is carried out under local anesthesia using a coagulator.The high -frequency current entering the steel loop helps to subtly cut off the epithelial formation and prevent the occurrence of bleeding during the operation and after its conduct.After electrocoagulation, a specific crust is formed at the wart site, which should be removed independently about 5-6 days after the procedure.In the place where the wart was, a scar may remain, if a deep removal was performed.
• Surge is surgically prescribed for extensive lesions of the skin.Manipulation is carried out under local anesthesia with the subsequent imposition of cosmetic seams, which are removed in about 1 week.A slight scar may remain.The doctor will direct the remote epithelial education to a histological examination.
• Removing warts with a laser is the newest method of treatment.The effect of such manipulation can be presented in the form of evaporation or coagulation of the cells of the skin.Modern technologies are universally used in dermatology, they are considered the safest in more cases, practically do not leave scars.The removal of warts with a laser is quickly and absolutely painless, because the procedure is carried out under local anesthesia.After removing the wart, a small recess may remain, which will disappear after 12-20 days.

Many medical centers and clinics offer laser removal today.

The cost of such a procedure can be different and it depends on numerous factors, including the level of a medical institution and the type of equipment used.

Remove warts and with low temperatures.Deep freezing of tissues leads to their death.In this way, cryodestruction is carried out with liquid nitrogen.

Such removal of warts is carried out using a cryoPplitator or a wand of an ampon with a tampon of cotton wool.In any case, the procedure is effective and it is performed in just a few minutes.

An applicator is applied to the wart (perpendicularly) and slightly pressed on it.The time for which the epithelial tumor can freeze depends primarily on its size.As a rule, freezing takes from 7 to 35 seconds.

At the moment when freezing occurs with liquid nitrogen, the wart externally begins to pale.It acquires increased density.Immediately through (60 seconds) after the procedure, a frozen wart becomes edematous, the fabrics can be blushed.Further, the wart is converted into an epidermal bubble, which can be filled with either serous or hemorrhoids.Such a bubble formation on a wart is gradually reduced and after about one week turns into a crust, which is torn after another 10-15 days.If the patient will adhere to all the doctor’s recommendations, then the healing process will pass painlessly, without complications, and only a barely noticeable pinkish spot will remain at the wart site.You can’t forcefully remove the crust or burst the formed bubble.A specialist who carried out a wart removal will tell you how to properly care for a damaged area.In the event that a liquid nitrogen is removed on the foot, then the procedure will be more capacious and will take about 30-60 seconds.

Youth warts on the fingers, legs and other parts of the body are also often treated with nitrogen.But the procedure is carried out by stewing problematic skin zones.Thus, the epithelial formations treated with low temperature darkens, peel and disappear.

It is important to know that any removal of warts is not a guarantee that the problem is not again.The probability of re -education depends on numerous factors, including the patient's immune system.According to statistics, relapse occurs after 3-4 months more than 20% of patients.That is why many doctors, together with the surgical removal of warts, prescribe general controversial therapy.

Prevention of warts

In order to at least a little to protect themselves from a viral infection and reduce the risks of the appearance of warts on the body, doctors advise primarily to lead a healthy lifestyle.It is necessary to constantly competently maintain immunity, which loses its protective functions due to constant nervous overstrain, lack of sleep, malnutrition, and even a lack of vitamins.

Doctors recommend:

• Refuse random sexual relations.It is advisable to have one permanent and healthy partner.
• Adhere to personal hygiene rules.Do not use someone else's towel, go to a public bath without their own interchangeable shoes, etc.
• Process damage on the skin properly.

It is also important to eat properly, lead an active lifestyle, get rid of bad habits, sprinkle, less nervous, because all these factors negatively affect the immune system.